Norzaiton Akmar Binti Arpa'i

COST OF CORRUPTION
The cost of corruption is four-fold: political, economic, social, and environmental. On the political front, corruption constitutes a major obstacle to democracy and the rule of law. In a democratic system, offices and institutions lose their legitimacy when they are misused for private advantage. Though this is harmful in the established democracies, it is even more so in newly emerging ones. Accountable political leadership can not develop in a corrupt climate. Economically, corruption leads to the depletion of national wealth. It is often responsible for the funnelling of scarce public resources to uneconomic high-profile projects, such as dams, power plants, pipelines and refineries, at the expense of less spectacular but more necessary infrastructure projects such as schools, hospitals and roads, or the supply of power and water to rural areas. Furthermore, it hinders the development of fair market structures and distorts competition, thereby deterring investment. The effect of corruption on the social fabric of society is the most damaging of all. It undermines people's trust in the political system, in its institutions and its leadership. Frustration and general apathy among a disillusioned public result in a weak civil society. That in turn clears the way for despots as well as democratically elected yet unscrupulous leaders to turn national assets into personal wealth. Demanding and paying bribes become the norm. Those unwilling to comply often emigrate, leaving the country drained of its most able and most honest citizens.Environmental degradation is yet another consequence of corrupt systems. The lack of, or non-enforcement of, environmental regulations and legislation has historically allowed the North to export its polluting industry to the South. At the same time, careless exploitation of natural resources, from timber and minerals to elephants, by both domestic and international agents has led to ravaged natural environments. Environmentally devastating projects are given preference in funding, because they are easy targets for siphoning off public money into private pockets.

Norzaiton Akmar Binti Arpa'i

CORRUPTION……


Corruption is a one criminal and it become serious problem in Malaysia.The issue of corruption--the abuse of public office for private gain--has attracted renewed interest, both among academics and policymakers. There are a number of reasons why this topic has come under fresh scrutiny. Corruption scandals have toppled governments in both major industrial countries and developing countries. In the transition countries, the shift from command economies to free market economies has created massive opportunities for the appropriation of rents (that is, excessive profits) and has often been accompanied by a change from a well-organized system of corruption to a more chaotic and deleterious one. With the end of the cold war, donor countries have placed less emphasis on political considerations in allocating foreign aid among developing countries and have paid more attention to cases in which aid funds have been misused and have not reached the poor. And slow economic growth has persisted in many countries with malfunctioning institutions. This renewed interest has led to a new flurry of empirical research on the causes and consequences of corruption.Corruption is operationally defined as the misuse of entrusted power for private gain. TI further differentiates between "according to rule" corruption and "against the rule" corruption. Facilitation payments, where a bribe is paid to receive preferential treatment for something that the bribe receiver is required to do by law, constitute the former. The latter, on the other hand, is a bribe paid to obtain services the bribe receiver is prohibited from providing.

corruption

Corruption is not a normal symptoms in our country . This phenomenon is not good to our country. Corruption has many negative affect for our country example it can decrease our country economy, give a negative perspective from other country to our country and can let down our country image. So, please stay away from corruption and love our country.

Cultural Intelligence-Hamidah Binti Abdul Ghani

Culture intelligence is one of the most important thing in our life. As a human we must know about culture atleast culture in Malaysia. Where ever, it's more interesting if we know all the culture in the world. It's very important to us to know about the culture of another race. If we want the another raco respect our culture, we must know and respect their culture also. Knowledge about culture is very important for avoid us to do something that was wrong current we with the friend from the other race. For your information, cultural intelligence is not for doing business only. Cultural intelligence very important for someone who's study at overseas. It's important to them to know the culture of that country. So, Cultural intelligence is very important.

WHAT IS CORRUPTION???

Hello everyone, our group wants to share to all of you about one of the most serious problem among Malaysians which is called corruption. Every year we can hear or read in the newspaper about corruption problem which is happen seriously in our country. So, in this blog, we want to share or to tell details about corruption. Firs, we want to answer the question ‘what is corruption?’. In dictionary, he word is defined as dishonest or illegal behavior especially of people in authority. For me, corruption is very serious problem and its include facilitations payments, where bribe receiver is required to do by law, constitute the former. On the other hand, corruption is a bribe paid to obtain services the bribe receiver is prohibited from providing. In our country, corruption issues always happen between some of government people and some of the contractor if they want the big project which is value for million dollars sometimes they give the people who arrange the project bribe to get the project quickly. Furthermore, corruption is a complex social, political and economic phenomenon that affects all countries. The United Nations Convention Against Corruption ( UNCAC) is the first legally binding, international anti – corruption instrument. Beside that, Kofi Annan, he United Nations Secretary General said in his statement on the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Convention against corruption:

“ corruption hurts the poor disproportionately by diverting funds intended for
development, undermining a government’s ability to provide basic services,
feeding in equality and injustice, and discouraging foreign investment and aid”

NADZIRAH BTE ABD SHUKOR

A value is a belief and it is psychological objects. Whether we consciously aware of them or not, every individual has a core set of personal values. Values can be range from the commonplace, such as the belief in hard work and punctuality, to the more psychological, such as self reliance, concern for others, and harmony of purpose. Furthermore, values are one of the important aspects in our culture. We all have values that determine our decisions and guide our lives. I believe all people in the world have their own self values. So, with the values, another people can recognize someone.
In the culture, values are important because if we study about another country, they have their own values. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In US, for example, professional athletes are honored in the form of monetary payment more than college professors, in part because the society respects personal values such as physical activity, fitness and competitiveness more than mental activity and education.
Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more general. Norms are rules for behavior while values identify what should be judged as good or bad. For example, flying the national flag on independents day is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. The power of values shapes our personal and cultural lives. Each of us is motivated to move our lives in certain directions. Those who value truthfulness cannot bring themselves to tell a lie. Those who value in family and friendship sacrifice their personal interests for the good of others. Those who value goodness cannot bring themselves to do something they know is wrong. We express values in our relations with other people when we are loyal, reliable, honest, generous, feel sense of responsibility for family, friends, our community or country.
In the end, the quality of the values we embrace and the intensity of our commitment to them determine the level of our accomplishment in life.

Corruption
Corruption is one of the crime in Malaysia. Corruption can happened in assorted manner and situation. For me, corruption is one of the crime that can destroy our self, society and country. As a Malaysian, we must avoid ourself from join the corruption activity to make sure that we live in a peace circumstance for a long period.

hamidah abdul ghani

What’s corruption

When applied as a technical term, corruption is a general concept describing any organized, interdependent system in which part of the system is either not performing duties is was originally intended to, or performing them in an improper way, to the detriment of the system’s original purpose. It’s original meaning has connotations of evil, malignance, sickness and loss of innocence or purity.

HAMIDAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI



TYPES OF CORRUPTION

There are many types of corruption in this world.
Data corruption
Putrefaction corruption
Linguistic corruption
Political corruption
Types of corruption

HAMIDAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI







I would like to talk about political corruption. Political corruption is a specific form of rent seeking, where access to politics is organized with limited transparency, limited competiton and directed towards promoting narrow interest. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for, illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by an office holder constitute political corruption, only if the act is directly related to their official duties. All forms of government are susceptible to political corruption. Form of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism and so on. While corruption, may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering and trafficking, it is not restricted to these organized crime activities. In some nation, corruption is so common that it is expected when ordinary business or citizens interact with government officials. The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. Certain political finding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some countries, government official have broad or poorly defined powers, and the line between what is legal and illegal can be difficult to draw.

HAMIDAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI



CORRUPTION EFFECTS ON POLITICS, ECONOMI, AND INSTITUTION

Politics corruption

Corruption poses a serious development challenge. In the political real, it undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in legislative bodies reduces accountability and distorts representation in making policy ; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law, and corruption in public administration results in the unfair provision of services. More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government as procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. At the same time, corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance.








Economi

Corruption also undermines economic development by generating considerable distortions and inefficiency. In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials, and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting red tape, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the playing field, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms.
Corruption also generates economic distortions in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.
Economists argue that one of the factors behind the differing economic development in Africa and Asia is that in the former, corruption has primarily taken the form of rent extraction with the resulting financial capital moved overseas rather invested at home In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.

Environmental and social effects
Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. Although even the corrupt countries may formally have legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if the officials can be easily bribed. The same applies to social rights such as worker protection, unionizatuion and prevention of child labour . Violation of these laws and rights enables corrupt countries to gain an illegitimate economic advantage in the internationa market.

HAMIDAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI